Online Course

Leadership in Difficult Times

Unit 3:   Team-Building Under Duress

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Flow Chart #3 for Paper #3


Unit Overview
This unit explores how to build effective teams in difficult times typified by a shortage of resources, funding, personnel, and/or time.

In addition to dealing with leadership theories, the unit will examine motivation, personality factors, perception, applied problem-solving approaches, and the role of vision, communicating a clear mission, and the development of appropriate tactics. Team-building in times of adversity, or when members from divergent groups are compelled to work together will be highlighted, with a focus on effectiveness and measurable results.

Learning Objectives and Outcomes

  • Define the concept of distributed leadership, and apply it to team leadership, and the notion of a "bossless team."
  • Understand the fundamentals of team building and how decisions are affected when there are shortages of personnel, equipment, time, and resources.
  • Explain how personality indicators such as the Myers-Brigg indicator can be used in conjunction with team-building.
  • Describe the importance of vision in team-building, and how that relates to creative approaches to solving problems that arise from shortages of key elements needed to achieve the organization's mission.
  • Explain how a lack of time can be as destabilizing as a lack of resources in terms of achieving goals, and how this can impact team members and team performance.
  • Describe potential hostile environments, and their impact on individuals and groups.
  • Relate transformational leadership to dealing with shortages of time, personnel, resources, and/or being in a hostile environment.

Websites and Web Resources

Food for thought -- you don't have to agree!

Team Building:  Confessions of a Pom Squad Wannabe (podcast and article by susan smith nash) scroll down….

Attitudes, Beliefs, Misconceptions, and Team-Building:  Elizabeth Smart and America's "Lurking Polygamists" Fantasy  (podcast and article by susan smith nash)

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Doing More with Less:  Lean Production

Lean Production / Lean Manufacturing:  Videos, audio, readings.

Lean in the Air Force. An analysis and a response / blog entry.

Solving Nursing Shortage with Team-building

Long Hours, etc.  -- Why You Should Really Love Your Job

Doing More With Less Has Limits

Iraq and Beyond:  Sustaining Army Forces.  Rand Review.

Small Teams, Big Rewards. CIO Magazine.

Dealing with Parts Shortages Nightmares

Article on Shortage of RNs in Nursing:  Diagnosis: Shortage

Jung Typology Test

iDisc Personality Test


Guiding Questions
Please use these questions as springboards for fruitful contemplation, and to help you with your journals.  You may respond to the questions if you wish.  If you prefer to address other issues regarding the readings and leadership, please feel free to do so.

Describe a situation when team-building is impacted by a lack of resources.

What are the negative effects of a lack of time?

Describe situations when Myers-Briggs assessments may be counterproductive.  When can they be productive?

When does distributed leadership make the most difference to the accomplishment of a mission, goals, and objectives?

  • Explain how personality indicators such as the Myers-Brigg indicator can be used in conjunction with team-building.
  • Describe the importance of vision in team-building, and how that relates to creative approaches to solving problems that arise from shortages of key elements needed to achieve the organization's mission.
  • Explain how a lack of time can be as destabilizing as a lack of resources in terms of achieving goals, and how this can impact team members and team performance.
  • Describe potential hostile environments, and their impact on individuals and groups.
  • Relate transformational leadership to dealing with shortages of time, personnel, resources, and/or being in a hostile environment.

National Robot Soccer Competition in Wuhan

Reading from Required Texts
Read Transforming Leadership: Part 5: Transformation

Avolio, Bruce and Bass, Bernard (eds.) (2002).
Developing potential across a full range of
leaderships: Cases on transactional and transformational leadership.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum and Associates. ISBN 0805838945.


Journal Articles
Please select three (or more if they interest you) for use in developing your journal and/or final project.  Some are in D2L, others are in the EBSCO database in LORA.  You will need to search for the ones that are not already in D2L.

Please read the other articles in D2L in "Content" as well.

Barry, D. (1991). Managing the bossless team: Lessons in distributed leadership. Organizational Dynamics. 20 (1) : 31-48.

Brown, F. J. (2003). Three revolutions: From training to learning and team building. Military Review. July-August 2003: 54-63.

Harrington, Mackin, D. (1999). Team building. Office Pro. August-September 1999: 12-16.

Steckler, N., & Fondas, N. (2002). Building team leader effectiveness: A diagnostic tool. 20-45.

Young, P. (2001). Leadership and the Myers-Briggs type indicator. PM. March-April 2001: 48-51.

Zaccaro, S., Rittman, A., & Marks, M. (2002). Team leadership. The Leadership Quarterly. 12(1): 451-483.