The Literature of Leadership

An exploration of the hearts and minds of leaders and followers

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Unit 3:  Leadership and Followership in Action

Emulatory Behavior:
The people you admire, fear, trust, or give authority encode your behavior

Richard Dawkins:
The Selfish Gene

(memes)

Breakthroughs for Black Women in the Military

Albert Bandura

Reading from Required Texts
Fox, Wesley L.  Marine Rifleman.

Daft, The Leadership Experience

Daft, R. L. 
The leadership experience. Mason, OH: Cengage South-Western.

Military Readiness: Women Are Not a Problem.  Rand Reports.

Reading from Online Readings
Procedure for reading -- read quickly, for concepts rather than detail.  Choose two or three to read more closely.  Please think of ways that what is occurring in the text relates to a current contemporary situation, or a leadership / management issue that you have encountered or been aware of.  Be sure to relate the reading to current historical & political issues as well!

In
Marine Rifleman: Forty-three Years in the Corps, Col. Wesley L. Fox, USMC (Ret.), former deputy commandant of cadets at Virginia Tech, tells his "life story as a Marine the way [he] remembers it." Retired from the Marine Corps in 1993, Fox is the quintessential soldier's soldier, having received the Medal of Honor, two awards of the Legion of Merit, a Bronze Star with Combat V, four Purple Hearts, and numerous commendations. Fox's memoir begins with his youth in rural Virginia as a ninth-grade dropout and teenage farmer who fulfilled his dream of serving his country by enlisting in the Marines in the early years of the Korean conflict. Subsequent chapters narrate Fox's steady rise through the ranks, and each concludes with a list of "lessons learned."

Dr. Nash's note:  What I liked about this book is that it provides an evolutionary view of leadership, that begins with followership.  It was interesting to me to read about Col. Fox's experiences as a 19-year-old in the Korean War (what a horrific experience, which personalizes the faceless statistics), and then in Vietnam, where guerrilla tactics and unethical fighting by the enemy were the norm.  It was intriguing to see how his leadership vision evolved -- I could see that it was built on practical experience and empathy.  He does not base his leadership philosophy on a particular ideology or philosophical leaning.  As a result, I found the later chapters to be a bit dull (I have no way of relating to them); but the day-to-day dehumanization and rehumanization of war was very touching.  It made me realize that discipline and keeping a focus on the values that keep you human go a long way, even if they do seem untenable in certain situations (like combat).   

I like to think of
Marine Rifleman in terms of Richard Dawkins' idea of memes.  Memes are ideas or concepts that seem to replicate instantly through societal consciousness, and they create their own reality.  Powerful memes are in collision course in our life and times -- for example, the meme of victimization because of post-colonial globalization is one that is in direct conflict with the meme of global prosperity through technology.  There are also meme-sources -- the powerful characters, ideas, or concepts that find themselves in mirror images throughout our world -- often propagated via the media.  I see Col. Fox as a kind of meme-source of the quiet hero. 

I also very much admire the values- and discipline-based approach which characterizes the military.  Without it, there appear to be no limits to the depravity of the human being.  A leader puts things into perspective and sets the tone for the entire organization.  If they have a "by any means necessary" attitude, what are the implications?  If the leader projects elitism, bullying, or cruel acts, what are the implications? 


Unit Learning Objectives:

  • Describe and explore the importance of values and vision in leadership;
  • Explain how a leader's vision connects with the values and beliefs of his or her context, society at large;
  • Describe how women in the military have achieved leadership, and the challenges they have overcome;
  • Apply the strategies used by women and military leaders to non-military situations;
  • Write a description of how leaders and followers develop a shared vision and successful teamwork effort in difficult times (war, radical change and instability);
  • Explain how labels and stereotyping damage a collective effort, and how a leader can either improve the situation, or create conditions that worsen it.
  • Describe how a previously marginalized or exploited group can positively influence the majority.

Imitative / Emulatory Behavior:  Implications for Leadership
Herd Behavior and the Housing Collapse in Greece
Memes and Memetics
Introduction to Memetics (Richard
Dawkins, "Chapter 11" from The Selfish Gene)

Brief History of Black Women in the Military.
American women have participated in defense of this nation in both war and peacetime. Their contributions, however, have gone largely unrecognized and unrewarded. While women in the United States Armed Forces share a history of discrimination based on gender, black women have faced both race and gender discrimination. Initially barred from official military status, black women persistently pursued their right to serve.

New Opportunities for Military Women
Effects Upon Readiness, Cohesion, and Morale
by Margaret C. Harrell, Laura L. Miller
Rand Reports:  Rand Corporation.

Working with groups --
In Search of How Societies Work.  Working paper from Rand Reports. The Rand Corporation.

Leadership Memes:  Implementing the Idea of Memes in Leadership   

The Social Psychology of Con Artists
What do con artists and leaders have in common?  Discuss the ethicsl issues.

HOW TO CHEAT AT EVERYTHING
Over lunch with Simon Lovell, a fascinating former card shark, Allison Schrager learns all sorts of things about how swindlers operate … 
Thought:  discuss core ethics and the parallels between con artists and other people in society.


Guiding Questions (You may use these for your paper)

What is the role of values and vision in leadership? Describe specific examples and discuss the role of leaders.

You decide -- what are the implications of memes and leadership?  Is Col Fox a "source-meme?"  Yes?  No? How?  Name a current leadership "source-meme" and discuss the implications (good, bad, dangerous).

How does exploitation of a certain group gradually come about?  Why is it necessary to stop exploitation and marginalization of a certain group from continuing?

How have women demonstrated leadership in the military? Describe emerging opportunities for women in the military.

Why and how do labels prevent effective leadership from occurring?  When and how can a leader help eliminate labeling?