Grade 5 and up -- ENID
Oklahoma Schools Attuned -- May 2002 -- randomly selected attuned & non-attuned students in a Schools Attuned school
Causal Attribution Scale
1 2 3 4 5
very somewhat neither somewhat very
mean median mode st. dev. unimportant unimportant (neutral) important important
1 Getting help from teachers or friends 4.35 4 4 0.587   5 55 40
2 Having easy assignments in the course 2.85 3 3 0.813 5 25 50 20
3 Putting forth extra effort 4.75 5 5 0.444   25 75
4 Having high intelligence 3.4 4 4 1.095 10 5 30 45 10
5 Having material, assignments, and projects in the course that are interesting 4.25 5 5 0.967   5 20 20 55
6 Having good luck on exams and projects 2 1.5 1 1.17 50 15 20 15
7 Enjoying the course 3.3 3 3 1.081 10 5 40 35 10
8 Putting forth adequate effort 3.55 3 3 1.317 10 5 40 10 35
9 Having good study skills 4.8 5 5 0.41 20 80
10 Knowing a lot about the course topics before you take the class 3.35 3 3 1.089 5 15 35 30 15
11 Not enjoying the course 2.7 3 3 1.218 25 10 40 20 5
12 Having low intelligence 2.2 2 1 1.005 30 30 30 10
13 Not putting forth extra effort 3.6 4 3 1.273 10 5 30 25 30
14 Having bad luck on exams and projects 1.65 1 1 1.089 70 5 15 10
15 Having poor study skills 3.15 3 3 1.268 10 20 35 15 20
16 Not getting much help from teachers or friends 2.6 2.5 1 1.465 35 15 15 25 10
17 Not putting forth adequate effort 2.8 3 3 1.281 20 20 30 20 10
18 Not knowing much about the course topics before you take the class 2.8 3 1 1.361 25 15 25 25 10
19 Having material, assignments, and projects in the course that aren't interesting 2.6 3 3 1.273 25 20 35 10 10
20 Having difficult assignments in the course 3.35 3.5 3 1.309 15 5 30 30 20
Major Findings
1.  Students attribute academic success to a combination of factors, including
    social (help from teachers / friends), personal effort, and course design (interesting, etc.)
2.  Students do not believe that circumstances beyond their control -- "luck," "bad luck,"
     difficult assignments, etc.  -- are the primary causes of academic success or failure